# Topic CSV columns To convert SPARQL results into SKG-IF topics, write the operation's query so that its result variables match the column names listed below. Official reference: [Topic properties](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/topic.html#properties). | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `local_identifier` | Primary key; groups all rows for one topic | `topic_10102` | | `label` | Topic label | `Scientometrics and Bibliometrics Research` | | `label_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the label. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | | `identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for topics: `openalex`, `url`, `urn`, `w3id` | `openalex` | | `identifier_value` | The external identifier | `T10102` | Both `identifier_scheme` and `identifier_value` must be non-empty for an identifier to be included; rows where either is empty are skipped.