(product-csv-columns)= # Product CSV columns To convert SPARQL results into SKG-IF research products, write the operation's query so that its result variables match the column names listed below. Multiple rows per product are expected because identifiers, contributors, manifestations, citations, topics, as well as titles and abstracts in different languages, may produce different combinations. The converter groups and deduplicates their values. Optional fields with no data are omitted from the output. Only `local_identifier` and `product_type` are required at the product level. (core-metadata)= ## Core metadata Official reference: [Research product properties](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#properties). | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `local_identifier` | Primary key; groups all rows for one product | `https://w3id.org/oc/meta/br/062104388184` | | `product_type` | SKG-IF product type: `"literature"`, `"research data"`, `"research software"`, or `"other"` | `literature` | | `title` | Product title | `OpenCitations Meta` | | `title_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the title. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | | `abstract` | Product abstract | `OpenCitations Meta is a new database for open bibliographic metadata...` | | `abstract_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the abstract. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | (product-identifiers)= ## Product identifiers Official reference: [identifiers](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#identifiers). Both `identifier_scheme` and `identifier_value` must be non-empty for an identifier to be included; rows where either is empty are skipped. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for research products: `arxiv`, `bibcode`, `crossref`, `doi`, `handle`, `isbn`, `ivoid`, `omid`, `openalex`, `pmcid`, `pmid`, `spase`, `url`, `urn`, `w3id` | `doi` | | `identifier_value` | The external identifier | `10.1162/qss_a_00292` | (contributions)= ## Contributions Official reference: [contributions](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#contributions). A contributor row is processed only when both `contribution_role` and `_contribution_key` are non-empty. The agent needs at least a family name, given name, or full name. Identifier `scheme`/`value` pairs and declared affiliation `scheme`/`value` pairs are co-dependent: both must be non-empty to be included. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `contribution_by_local_identifier` | Contributor local identifier | `https://w3id.org/oc/meta/ra/06250110138` | | `contribution_role` | The role of the contributing agent: `"author"`, `"editor"`, or `"publisher"` | `author` | | `contribution_type` | CRediT contribution type: `"conceptualization"`, `"data curation"`, `"formal analysis"`, `"funding acquisition"`, `"investigation"`, `"methodology"`, `"project administration"`, `"resources"`, `"software"`, `"supervision"`, `"validation"`, `"visualization"`, `"writing – original draft"`, `"writing – review & editing"` | `writing – original draft` | | `contribution_by_family_name` | Family name. Its presence marks the contributor as a person | `Massari` | | `contribution_by_given_name` | Given name | `Arcangelo` | | `contribution_by_name` | Full name (for organisations or agents without split names) | `Arcangelo Massari` | | `contribution_by_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the contributor: `crossref`, `openalex`, `orcid`, `ror`, `url`, `urn`, `viaf`, `w3id` | `orcid` | | `contribution_by_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the contributor | `0000-0002-8420-0696` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_local_identifier` | Affiliation local identifier | `https://example.org/organisations/unibo` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_name` | Name of the declared affiliation organisation | `University of Bologna` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_short_name` | Short name or acronym of the affiliation | `UNIBO` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_country` | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code of the affiliation (e.g., IT) | `IT` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the affiliation | `ror` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the affiliation | `01111rn36` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_type` | Organisation type: `"archive"`, `"company"`, `"education"`, `"facility"`, `"government"`, `"healthcare"`, `"nonprofit"`, `"funder"`, `"research"`, `"unspecified"` | `education` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_website` | Website URL of the affiliation | `https://www.unibo.it` | | `contribution_declared_affiliation_other_name` | Alternative name of the affiliation | `Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna` | See also [Internal columns](#internal) for contributor deduplication and ordering. (internal)= ### Internal These columns are consumed by the converter for deduplication and ordering. They do not appear in the JSON-LD output. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `_contribution_key` | Deduplication key for contributors; also serves as the node identifier in the linked list that determines ordering within each role | `author_0` | | `_contribution_next_key` | Points to the `_contribution_key` of the next contributor in sequence; empty for the last one. Sources that rely on SPARQL `ORDER BY` for ordering can leave this empty | `author_1` | Contributors are ordered by role (author, then editor, then publisher) and within each role by the linked list formed by `_contribution_key` / `_contribution_next_key`. (topics)= ## Topics Official reference: [topics](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#topics). `topic_term` anchors each topic entry; rows without it are skipped. Identifier and provenance fields are pairwise co-dependent: `topic_identifier_scheme`/`topic_identifier_value` and `topic_provenance_associated_with`/`topic_provenance_trust` must both be non-empty. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `topic_term` | `local_identifier` of a Topic relevant for the Research product | `topic_10102` | | `topic_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the topic: `openalex`, `url`, `urn`, `w3id` | `openalex` | | `topic_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the topic | `T10102` | | `topic_label` | Label describing the topic | `Scientometrics and Bibliometrics Research` | | `topic_label_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the topic label. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | | `topic_provenance_associated_with` | `local_identifier` of the Agent responsible for the topic relation | `openalex-infra` | | `topic_provenance_trust` | Trust value for the relation, normalized to [0,1]. Provenance entries without trust are skipped | `1` | (manifestations)= ## Manifestations Official reference: [manifestations](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#manifestations). The converter creates a manifestation only when at least one complete value can be mapped to the output. The following pairs must be populated together when used: `manifestation_identifier_scheme`/`manifestation_identifier_value`, `manifestation_dates_type`/`manifestation_dates_value`, `manifestation_biblio_pages_first`/`manifestation_biblio_pages_last`, `manifestation_biblio_in_name`/`manifestation_biblio_in_local_identifier`, `manifestation_biblio_in_identifier_scheme`/`manifestation_biblio_in_identifier_value`, and `manifestation_biblio_hosting_data_source_identifier_scheme`/`manifestation_biblio_hosting_data_source_identifier_value`. Use `_manifestation_key` to group rows belonging to the same manifestation. Distinct keys create distinct objects in the `manifestations` list. When the column is empty, all manifestation values for the product belong to one object. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `manifestation_type_class` | The URL of the class identifying the manifestation type (e.g. `http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle`) | `http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle` | | `manifestation_type_label` | Label describing the manifestation type (e.g. `"journal article"`) | `journal article` | | `manifestation_type_label_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the type label. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | | `manifestation_type_defined_in` | URL of the schema that defines the manifestation type | `http://purl.org/spar/fabio` | | `_manifestation_key` | Internal key used to group and deduplicate manifestation rows; omitted from the JSON-LD output | `published_version` | | `manifestation_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the manifestation (distinct from product-level identifiers): `arxiv`, `bibcode`, `crossref`, `doi`, `handle`, `isbn`, `ivoid`, `omid`, `openalex`, `pmcid`, `pmid`, `spase`, `url`, `urn`, `w3id` | `doi` | | `manifestation_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the manifestation | `10.1162/qss_a_00292` | | `manifestation_dates_type` | The type of date: `"acceptance"`, `"access"`, `"collected"`, `"copyright"`, `"correction"`, `"creation"`, `"decision"`, `"deposit"`, `"distribution"`, `"embargo"`, `"modified"`, `"publication"`, `"received"`, `"request"`, `"retraction"`, `"validity"` | `publication` | | `manifestation_dates_value` | ISO 8601 date string; partial values like `"2024"` or `"2024-03"` are normalized to full datetime (e.g. `"2024-01-01T00:00:00"`) | `2024-03-01T00:00:00` | | `manifestation_peer_review_status` | Peer review status: `"peer reviewed"` or `"under review"` | `peer reviewed` | | `manifestation_peer_review_description` | Peer review type: `"single-blind peer review"`, `"double-blind peer review"`, or `"open peer review"` | `single-blind peer review` | | `manifestation_access_rights_status` | Access status: `"open"`, `"closed"`, `"embargoed"`, `"restricted"`, or `"unavailable"` | `open` | | `manifestation_access_rights_description` | Qualification of the access status | `Freely available` | | `manifestation_licence` | The URL of the licence for the manifestation | `https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode` | | `manifestation_version` | Version identifier (for software or research data manifestations) | `1.0.0` | | `manifestation_biblio_volume` | Volume number | `5` | | `manifestation_biblio_issue` | Issue number | `1` | | `manifestation_biblio_edition` | The edition (for journals and books) | `1` | | `manifestation_biblio_number` | Manifestation number within the venue (e.g., chapter number) | `3` | | `manifestation_biblio_pages_first` | The starting page. Both `manifestation_biblio_pages_first` and `manifestation_biblio_pages_last` must be present; if there is only one page, use the same value for both | `50` | | `manifestation_biblio_pages_last` | The ending page | `75` | | `manifestation_biblio_in_local_identifier` | Venue local identifier | `https://w3id.org/oc/meta/br/062501778099` | | `manifestation_biblio_in_name` | Venue name. Both this field and `manifestation_biblio_in_local_identifier` are required to create the venue sub-object | `Quantitative Science Studies` | | `manifestation_biblio_in_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the venue: `doi`, `eissn`, `isbn`, `issn`, `lissn`, `openalex`, `opendoar`, `url`, `urn`, `w3id` | `issn` | | `manifestation_biblio_in_identifier_value` | Venue identifier value | `2641-3337` | | `manifestation_biblio_in_acronym` | Venue acronym or short name | `QSS` | | `manifestation_biblio_hosting_data_source_local_identifier` | Local identifier of the data source hosting the manifestation. Its presence triggers the hosting data source sub-object | `https://example.org/datasources/mitpress` | | `manifestation_biblio_hosting_data_source_name` | Name of the hosting data source | `MIT Press` | | `manifestation_biblio_hosting_data_source_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the hosting data source | `crossref` | | `manifestation_biblio_hosting_data_source_identifier_value` | Identifier value for the hosting data source | `281` | ## Related products Official reference: [related_products](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#related_products). | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `related_products_cites` | Identifier of a Research product cited by the given product | `https://w3id.org/oc/meta/br/062501777134` | | `related_products_is_supplemented_by` | Identifier of a Research product that supplements the given product | `https://example.org/products/1` | | `related_products_is_documented_by` | Identifier of a Research product that documents the given product | `https://example.org/products/2` | | `related_products_is_new_version_of` | Identifier of a Research product that is an older version of the given product | `https://example.org/products/3` | | `related_products_is_part_of` | Identifier of a Research product that contains the given product | `https://example.org/products/4` | (funding)= ## Funding Official reference: [funding](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#funding). `funding_local_identifier` anchors each grant entry; rows without it are skipped. Both `funding_agency_name` and `funding_agency_local_identifier` must be non-empty for the agency sub-object to be built. Identifier pairs (`funding_identifier_scheme`/`funding_identifier_value` and `funding_agency_identifier_scheme`/`funding_agency_identifier_value`) are co-dependent. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `funding_local_identifier` | Grant local identifier | `https://example.org/grants/101017452` | | `funding_grant_number` | Grant number | `101017452` | | `funding_title` | Grant title | `OpenAIRE-Nexus Scholarly Communication Services for EOSC users` | | `funding_title_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the grant title. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | | `funding_abstract` | Grant abstract | `A framework of services to assist in publishing research...` | | `funding_abstract_lang` | ISO 639-1 language code for the grant abstract. Falls back to `"none"` if empty | `en` | | `funding_acronym` | Grant acronym | `OpenAIRE-Nexus` | | `funding_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the grant | `doi` | | `funding_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the grant | `10.3030/101017452` | | `funding_stream` | Funding stream (e.g. "Horizon Europe") | `Horizon 2020` | | `funding_agency_local_identifier` | Funding agency local identifier | `https://example.org/organisations/789` | | `funding_agency_name` | Name of the funding agency | `European Commission` | | `funding_agency_short_name` | Short name of the funding agency | `EC` | | `funding_agency_country` | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code of the funding agency | `BE` | | `funding_agency_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the funding agency | `ror` | | `funding_agency_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the funding agency | `00k4n6c32` | | `funding_agency_type` | Organisation type of the funding agency: `"archive"`, `"company"`, `"education"`, `"facility"`, `"government"`, `"healthcare"`, `"nonprofit"`, `"funder"`, `"research"`, `"unspecified"` | `funder` | | `funding_agency_website` | Website URL of the funding agency | `https://ec.europa.eu` | (relevant-organisations)= ## Relevant organisations Official reference: [relevant_organisations](https://skg-if.github.io/interoperability-framework/docs/research-product.html#relevant_organisations). A row is included only when `relevant_organisation_local_identifier` has a value. The name is optional, while identifier `scheme`/`value` pairs are co-dependent. | Column | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | `relevant_organisation_local_identifier` | Organisation local identifier | `https://example.org/organisations/unibo` | | `relevant_organisation_name` | Organisation name | `University of Bologna` | | `relevant_organisation_short_name` | Short name or acronym | `UNIBO` | | `relevant_organisation_country` | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code | `IT` | | `relevant_organisation_identifier_scheme` | Identifier scheme for the organisation | `ror` | | `relevant_organisation_identifier_value` | The external identifier of the organisation | `01111rn36` | | `relevant_organisation_type` | Organisation type: `"archive"`, `"company"`, `"education"`, `"facility"`, `"government"`, `"healthcare"`, `"nonprofit"`, `"funder"`, `"research"`, `"unspecified"` | `education` | | `relevant_organisation_website` | Website URL of the organisation | `https://www.unibo.it` | | `relevant_organisation_other_name` | Alternative name of the organisation | `Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna` |