CSV format

This page documents the input CSV format and supported identifier schemas.

CSV format

Meta expects CSV files with these columns:

Column	Required	Description
`id`	Yes	Space-separated identifiers in `schema:value` format (see supported schemas)
`title`	No	Title of the work
`author`	No	Semicolon-separated names in `Surname, Name [identifier]` format (see author/editor format)
`pub_date`	No	ISO 8601 date: `YYYY-MM-DD`, `YYYY-MM`, or `YYYY` (see date format)
`venue`	No	Container title with optional identifier in brackets (see venue format)
`volume`	No	Volume number
`issue`	No	Issue number
`page`	No	Page range (e.g., `50-75`)
`type`	No	Resource type (see resource types)
`publisher`	No	Publisher name with optional identifier in brackets (see publisher format)
`editor`	No	Same format as `author`

Example

id,title,author,pub_date,venue,volume,issue,page,type,publisher,editor
doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292,OpenCitations Meta,"Massari, Arcangelo [orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696]; Mariani, Fabio [orcid:0000-0002-8810-1564]; Heibi, Ivan [orcid:0000-0001-5366-5194]; Peroni, Silvio [orcid:0000-0003-0530-4305]; Shotton, David [orcid:0000-0001-5506-523X]",2024-01-22,Quantitative Science Studies [issn:2641-3337],5,1,50-75,journal article,MIT Press [crossref:281],

Identifier format

Identifiers use the format schema:value:

doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292
pmid:38034492
orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696
issn:2641-3337

Multiple identifiers are separated by spaces:

doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292 pmid:38034492

Supported identifier schemas

Bibliographic resources

Schema	Example	Description
`doi`	`doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292`	Digital Object Identifier
`pmid`	`pmid:38034492`	PubMed ID
`pmcid`	`pmcid:PMC10927410`	PubMed Central ID
`arxiv`	`arxiv:2302.03976`	arXiv identifier
`isbn`	`isbn:978-3-030-00668-6`	International Standard Book Number
`issn`	`issn:2641-3337`	International Standard Serial Number
`url`	`url:https://opencitations.net`	Web URL
`wikidata`	`wikidata:Q107507571`	Wikidata entity
`wikipedia`	`wikipedia:OpenCitations`	Wikipedia article
`openalex`	`openalex:W4390928828`	OpenAlex work ID

Responsible agents

Schema	Example	Description
`orcid`	`orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696`	ORCID identifier
`viaf`	`viaf:309649614`	VIAF identifier
`crossref`	`crossref:281`	Crossref funder/member ID
`wikidata`	`wikidata:Q30265034`	Wikidata entity
`ror`	`ror:01111rn36`	Research Organization Registry

Author/editor format

Authors and editors use the format:

Surname, Given Name [identifier]

Multiple authors are separated by semicolons:

Massari, Arcangelo [orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696]; Mariani, Fabio [orcid:0000-0002-8810-1564]; Heibi, Ivan [orcid:0000-0001-5366-5194]; Peroni, Silvio [orcid:0000-0003-0530-4305]; Shotton, David [orcid:0000-0001-5506-523X]

The identifier in brackets is optional.

Name parsing

The comma determines how names are interpreted:

With comma = Person

Peroni, Silvio        → Family: Peroni, Given: Silvio
Massari, A.           → Family: Massari, Given: A.
Shotton, David M.     → Family: Shotton, Given: David M.

Without comma = Organization

MIT Press                     → Organization name
World Health Organization     → Organization name

If a name has no comma, Meta treats it as an organization, not a person.

Date format

Dates should use ISO 8601 format:

Format	Example	Precision
`YYYY-MM-DD`	`2024-01-15`	Day
`YYYY-MM`	`2024-01`	Month
`YYYY`	`2024`	Year

Resource types

Supported values for the type column:

Value	Description
`journal article`	Article in a journal
`book`	Complete book
`book chapter`	Chapter in a book
`book part`	Other part of a book
`book section`	Section of a book
`book series`	Series of books
`book set`	Set of books
`edited book`	Book with editors
`reference book`	Reference work
`monograph`	Single-author scholarly work
`report`	Technical or research report
`report series`	Series of reports
`standard`	Technical standard
`standard series`	Series of standards
`journal`	Complete journal
`journal volume`	Volume of a journal
`journal issue`	Issue of a journal
`proceedings`	Conference proceedings
`proceedings article`	Article in proceedings
`proceedings series`	Series of proceedings
`reference entry`	Entry in reference work
`dissertation`	Thesis or dissertation
`peer review`	Peer review document
`data file`	Dataset
`dataset`	Dataset
`web content`	Web page or content

Venue format

Venues can include identifiers:

Quantitative Science Studies [issn:2641-3337]
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries [isbn:978-1-4503-9822-4]

For book chapters, the venue is the containing book:

The Semantic Web: Research and Applications [isbn:978-3-642-30283-1]

Publisher format

Publishers can include Crossref member IDs or ROR identifiers:

MIT Press [crossref:281]
Springer Nature [crossref:297]
University of Bologna [ror:01111rn36]

Validation

Meta validates identifiers during curation using oc_ds_converter.oc_idmanager.

DOI

Syntax check: Must match ^doi:10\.(\d{4,9}|[^\s/]+(\.[^\s/]+)*)/[^\s]+$
Normalization: Removes URL prefixes (https://doi.org/, http://dx.doi.org/), converts to lowercase

ORCID

Syntax check: Must match ^orcid:([0-9]{4}-){3}[0-9]{3}[0-9X]$
Checksum: Validates using ISO/IEC 7064:2003 MOD 11-2
Normalization: Removes non-digit characters, uppercases X, formats as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX

ISSN

Syntax check: Must match ^issn:[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{3}[0-9X]$
Checksum: Validates using modulo 11
Special case: 0000-0000 is explicitly rejected
Normalization: Removes non-digit characters, uppercases X, formats as XXXX-XXXX

ISBN

Syntax check: ISBN-13 must match ^isbn:97[89][0-9X]{10}$, ISBN-10 must match ^isbn:[0-9X]{10}$
Checksum: Validates modulo 10 for ISBN-13, modulo 11 for ISBN-10
Normalization: Removes non-digit characters, uppercases X

Other identifiers

Identifiers with other schemas (PMID, arXiv, Wikidata, etc.) are accepted without validation.