CSV format

CSV format#

This page documents the input CSV format and supported identifier schemas.

CSV format#

Meta expects CSV files with these columns:

Column

Required

Description

id

Yes

Space-separated identifiers in schema:value format (see supported schemas)

title

No

Title of the work

author

No

Semicolon-separated names in Surname, Name [identifier] format (see author/editor format)

pub_date

No

ISO 8601 date: YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM, or YYYY (see date format)

venue

No

Container title with optional identifier in brackets (see venue format)

volume

No

Volume number

issue

No

Issue number

page

No

Page range (e.g., 50-75)

type

No

Resource type (see resource types)

publisher

No

Publisher name with optional identifier in brackets (see publisher format)

editor

No

Same format as author

Example#

id,title,author,pub_date,venue,volume,issue,page,type,publisher,editor
doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292,OpenCitations Meta,"Massari, Arcangelo [orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696]; Mariani, Fabio [orcid:0000-0002-8810-1564]; Heibi, Ivan [orcid:0000-0001-5366-5194]; Peroni, Silvio [orcid:0000-0003-0530-4305]; Shotton, David [orcid:0000-0001-5506-523X]",2024-01-22,Quantitative Science Studies [issn:2641-3337],5,1,50-75,journal article,MIT Press [crossref:281],

Identifier format#

Identifiers use the format schema:value:

doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292
pmid:38034492
orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696
issn:2641-3337

Multiple identifiers are separated by spaces:

doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292 pmid:38034492

Supported identifier schemas#

Bibliographic resources#

Schema

Example

Description

doi

doi:10.1162/qss_a_00292

Digital Object Identifier

pmid

pmid:38034492

PubMed ID

pmcid

pmcid:PMC10927410

PubMed Central ID

arxiv

arxiv:2302.03976

arXiv identifier

isbn

isbn:978-3-030-00668-6

International Standard Book Number

issn

issn:2641-3337

International Standard Serial Number

url

url:https://opencitations.net

Web URL

wikidata

wikidata:Q107507571

Wikidata entity

wikipedia

wikipedia:OpenCitations

Wikipedia article

openalex

openalex:W4390928828

OpenAlex work ID

Responsible agents#

Schema

Example

Description

orcid

orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696

ORCID identifier

viaf

viaf:309649614

VIAF identifier

crossref

crossref:281

Crossref funder/member ID

wikidata

wikidata:Q30265034

Wikidata entity

ror

ror:01111rn36

Research Organization Registry

Author/editor format#

Authors and editors use the format:

Surname, Given Name [identifier]

Multiple authors are separated by semicolons:

Massari, Arcangelo [orcid:0000-0002-8420-0696]; Mariani, Fabio [orcid:0000-0002-8810-1564]; Heibi, Ivan [orcid:0000-0001-5366-5194]; Peroni, Silvio [orcid:0000-0003-0530-4305]; Shotton, David [orcid:0000-0001-5506-523X]

The identifier in brackets is optional.

Name parsing#

The comma determines how names are interpreted:

With comma = Person

Peroni, Silvio        → Family: Peroni, Given: Silvio
Massari, A.           → Family: Massari, Given: A.
Shotton, David M.     → Family: Shotton, Given: David M.

Without comma = Organization

MIT Press                     → Organization name
World Health Organization     → Organization name

If a name has no comma, Meta treats it as an organization, not a person.

Date format#

Dates should use ISO 8601 format:

Format

Example

Precision

YYYY-MM-DD

2024-01-15

Day

YYYY-MM

2024-01

Month

YYYY

2024

Year

Resource types#

Supported values for the type column:

Value

Description

journal article

Article in a journal

book

Complete book

book chapter

Chapter in a book

book part

Other part of a book

book section

Section of a book

book series

Series of books

book set

Set of books

edited book

Book with editors

reference book

Reference work

monograph

Single-author scholarly work

report

Technical or research report

report series

Series of reports

standard

Technical standard

standard series

Series of standards

journal

Complete journal

journal volume

Volume of a journal

journal issue

Issue of a journal

proceedings

Conference proceedings

proceedings article

Article in proceedings

proceedings series

Series of proceedings

reference entry

Entry in reference work

dissertation

Thesis or dissertation

peer review

Peer review document

data file

Dataset

dataset

Dataset

web content

Web page or content

Venue format#

Venues can include identifiers:

Quantitative Science Studies [issn:2641-3337]
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries [isbn:978-1-4503-9822-4]

For book chapters, the venue is the containing book:

The Semantic Web: Research and Applications [isbn:978-3-642-30283-1]

Publisher format#

Publishers can include Crossref member IDs or ROR identifiers:

MIT Press [crossref:281]
Springer Nature [crossref:297]
University of Bologna [ror:01111rn36]

Validation#

Meta validates identifiers during curation using oc_ds_converter.oc_idmanager.

DOI#

  • Syntax check: Must match ^doi:10\.(\d{4,9}|[^\s/]+(\.[^\s/]+)*)/[^\s]+$

  • Normalization: Removes URL prefixes (https://doi.org/, http://dx.doi.org/), converts to lowercase

ORCID#

  • Syntax check: Must match ^orcid:([0-9]{4}-){3}[0-9]{3}[0-9X]$

  • Checksum: Validates using ISO/IEC 7064:2003 MOD 11-2

  • Normalization: Removes non-digit characters, uppercases X, formats as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX

ISSN#

  • Syntax check: Must match ^issn:[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{3}[0-9X]$

  • Checksum: Validates using modulo 11

  • Special case: 0000-0000 is explicitly rejected

  • Normalization: Removes non-digit characters, uppercases X, formats as XXXX-XXXX

ISBN#

Other identifiers#

Identifiers with other schemas (PMID, arXiv, Wikidata, etc.) are accepted without validation.